soybean planting depth and spacing

Table 3. An important consideration would be that as plant population increases the available source (light) per plant decreases. 0000210857 00000 n The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. On average a farmer in Iowa spends $25 per acre on seeds (Figure 1). As a general rule, plant at the shallower end of the range under the following conditions: Early planting High residue conditions Fine-textured soils Moist soils Planting at the deeper end of the range is recommended under the following conditions: Late planting Get the best gardening tips straight into your inbox! The recommended soybean planting depth is 3 - 4 cm, and the seed rate varies significantly according to local conditions. In western North Dakota, the combination of narrow rows (7 to 10 inches) and planting rates of about 150,000 PLS per acre provided optimum yield. However, the soybeans planted in 30-inch rows did not achieve canopy closure until after July 15. Planting too deep will result in poor emergence in the field. Copyright 2023 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. A wide row at a low population is going to take me longer to canopy, Ferrie says. The first step to successful soybean planting and subsequent harvest is seed selection. With todays seed treatments we are seeing planting earlier that ever before, says Licht. This parent dataset (collection of datasets) describes the general organization of data in the datasets for the 1995, 2003, 2004, 2010 and 2019 growing seasons (years) when soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] | Columbus, Ohio 43210 | 614-292-6181 For an accessible format of this publication, visit cfaes.osu.edu/accessibility. Over three seasons (2020-2022) the Delaware Soybean Board supported research observing different planting dates for soybeans, which ranged from April 12 th to June 4 th, depending on the year . Thin successful seedlings from 4 to 6 inches (1015cm) apart; cutaway thinned seedlings with scissors at ground level being careful not to disturb the roots of remaining plants. Proper Planting Depth for Corn & Soybeans Pioneer Seeds United States 22.2K subscribers Subscribe 13 Share 4K views 3 years ago Pioneer Field Agronomist Jesse Moch shows you the proper. Planters typically provide better depth control than drills or air seeders. Plant more than one variety for multiple harvests. Figure 1. We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). This site designed and maintained by CFAES Marketing and Communications. The bush beans were planted in six maturity groups from a 2.9 up to a 4.0 in both 15 rows and 30 rows. Not all of the seed that is planted will germinate or grow to reach plant maturity. When you should and shouldnt replant, including a worksheet for making the decision. Soybeans have a long history of production in Pennsylvania and because of the climate, it's a crop that lends itself well to double-crop soybean production. I am recommending farmers to try to see if they can manage a lower seeding rate (Table 4). This is probably due to earlier canopy closure in narrow rows that enables more light interception and drives photosynthesis. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. Last spring, I visited a sandy field of drilled soybeans that were emerging slowly and unevenly. Assuming a 90% germination rate and 10% plant attrition during the season, early season stand loss likely reduced final stand in this field to just above 100,000 plants/acre. However, the larger cotyledons on large seed are more difficult to pull through a soil crust, so plant large seed shallower when planting into soils prone to crusting. To see all exchange delays and terms of use, please see https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms. 0000078352 00000 n { Soybean is not a crop we grow to improve our corn yields, it is a crop that should be taken as seriously as corn. When planting with the standard closing wheels under wet soil conditions, however, using high down-force tended to bury the seed deeper, and didnt provide the small bit of tillage that the steel tine-type aftermarket closing wheels did which may have helped with emergence. Research has shown that photosynthetic rate is greater and maintained longer in response to larger sink size (seed number) by increased protein levels in leaves and reduced leaf senescence of older leaves. Decreasing the time to canopy closure can reduce soil moisture loss, increase the ability to control emerging weeds, and increase crop growth rate. 1-3 seeds Size:24*58*58cm Weight:7.5kg Sowing specifications 6 holes, plant spacing 28cm 7 holes, plant spacing 23cm, 8 holes, plant spacing 20cm, 9 holes, plant spacing 18.5cm, 10 holes, . USDA's latest Crop Progress report shows an open window with weather spurred a jump in corn and soybean planting last week. Soil types and conditions will impact closing wheel performance. SMaRT is a partnership between MSU Extension and the Michigan Soybean Checkoff program. Heavier soils require more aggressive closing wheel settings. Nevertheless, most producers have resisted lowering their planting rates accordingly. The variety had an excellent emergence rating and many of the plants were able to finally emerge, but with lower energy reserves and vigor than the plants that were planted at the correct depth. How to assess a plants likelihood to regrow and estimate the total number of healthy plants. The new recommendations provide a more precise guide for establishing soybean stands. Good Products for Growing Soybeans at Amazon: Note: Soybeans should not be eaten raw; they contain trypsin inhibitor which prevents the digestion of proteins. Over several years, research across Midwestern states has consistently shown that soybean planted in narrow rowsless than 30-inchhas a yield advantage when compared to rows greater than 30-inches. All https://www.barchart.com/solutions/ is provided by Barchart Solutions. 0000223942 00000 n (1966) Interception of solar radiation and dry matter production by various soybean planting . Alterations in plant spacing through row spacing and plant populations have a significant effect on canopy development and yield components. I visited a field where a planter had failed to place the seed at the correct depth. 0000112967 00000 n To make shelling easier, drop pods into boiling water for a minute. An even bigger concern is that in 68 percent of the fields, the seed was planted too deep, a condition known to delay emergence. We know from studies that we've done clear back in 1992, already, that we can pull those bean populations below 120,000 and not affect yield. Plant soybeans in late winter in warm-winter regions. This procedure is discussed in more detail in the Michigan State University Extension article, Reconfiguring planting units on no-till drills to improve soybean planting performance.. Corn emergence was again approximately 2% higher when using low down-force than high down-force. In determining when to put seeds in the ground, soil condition and weather trump date. 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Planting date strongly influences soybean yield. By late May, producers will see a yield reduction. If aftermarket closing wheels are something that you are interested in pursuing, buy a handful to test, rather than purchasing enough for your planter. Regardless of planting date and row spacing, select varieties with good tolerance and/or resistance to Phytophthora root rot. 0000218981 00000 n Farmers who have never used a soybean fungicide seed treatment may want to reconsider this spring, says Dean Grossnickle, a Syngenta agronomic service representative based in central Iowa. In eastern North Dakota trials, 8% of planted PLS per acre did not develop into viable soybean plants. Soybeans can be planted earlier in warm-winter regions. 0000108938 00000 n 0000020961 00000 n When planting no-tillage glyphosate-resistant soybeans, such as Roundup Ready, a burn-down herbicide should be used before or at the time of planting if significant weed cover is present. Adjustable sowing space.You can adjust the plant spacing through the seed round or the chain gear. 0000022783 00000 n All told, the standard, rubber closing wheel provided the best corn emergence under low down-force and emergence was not statistically different from aftermarket closing wheels operated at either low or high pressure. The SMaRT project was developed to help Michigan producers increase soybean yields and farm profitability. When planting soybeans with a grain drill, it is important to set the drill to the correct depth and spacing. For normal planting dates in Michigan and across the Midwest, generally 100,000 to 120,00 plants per acre is enough to achieve maximum yield. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. holding off on buying and working with what I have. If not, you will see a yield loss from reduced seeding rates. 116 Agricultural Administration2120 Fyffe Road Iowa Farm Business Association. I do all of my research with 15 and 30 inch row spacing comparison since the trends shows that drills probably will disappear in the near future. The 30-inch plot pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below yielded 81 and 85 bu/acre, respectively. Planting in early April carries significant risk, but when successful can produce impressive yields. Using a no-till coulter increased corn emergence by 2.8% compared with not using a no-till coulter. Planting best practices Open all | Close all General guidelines When and how to plant soybean Seeding rates Handling delays and damage Open all | Penn State . According to Purdue Extension, 67% of Indiana growers plant soybeans one to three weeks earlier than they did 10 years ago. Adequate soil moisture is the most important factor affecting soybean germination. Soybeans grow best where the daytime temperature averages between 60F and 70F (16-21C). Licht says seed placement and spacing are not as crucial with soybeans as with corn. Planting . However, planting too early (before field conditions are adequate) comes with a risk. Information is provided 'as is' and solely for informational purposes, not for trading purposes or advice. Under most conditions, soybeans should be planted between 1 and 1.5 inches deep. 0000027514 00000 n This effort has been funded by United Soybean Board. C.O.R.N. Avoid adding nitrogen-rich fertilizers to planting beds. In both years, soybean yield decreased by 0.6 bu/ac per day when planting after mid-May. 0000231426 00000 n When inspecting for seed spacing, dont rely on on-cab gauges. Thank you for stopping by! Pests such as slugs really like to be in that trench as well. One of the key issues growers must consider is whether the economics of their farm justify having a machine dedicated specifically to planting soybeans.. (function() { The objective was to provide a more precise guide for establishing soybean stands, using seed yield response data among regions in the state, based on the combination of planting rates and row spacings, Endres says. Sow soybeans in spring 2 to 3 weeks after the average last frost date when the soil has warmed to at least 60F (16C). There are more than 10,000 soybean cultivars. The seeding rate in this field was 140,000 seeds/acre. Mulch to conserve soil moisture once the soil has warmed. Seed size varies from one variety to another; therefore one variety may have fewer seeds per pound than another variety. 0000012728 00000 n Planting is the most critical management period for soybean production. Soybeans can be susceptible to disease, with their closed canopy creating a humid microclimate. The soybean is native to East Asia, but today most soybean production takes place in the U.S. and South America. Remember that in older planters without the central seed hopper, individual seed boxes will lose weight as you plant and so you may need to increase down-pressure as seed weight decreases. At a given plant population, as row spacing decreases the plant spacing within the row increases and results in a more equidistant plant spacing. If using a pre-emergence broadleaf herbicide (especially a metribuzin), a depth of 1 to 2 inches deep is recommended to decrease the likelihood that the soybean seedling will take up the herbicide. Mike Staton, Michigan State University Extension - Read the detailed report on planting date. Do not plant early if the soil is excessively cold or wet. Shibles, R.M., Weber, C.R. It is important to place the seed into the ground at a precise depth and in firm contact with the soil. Planting fungicide-treated soybean seed particularly on seed with lower-than-normal germination is a way to ensure adequate stand potential,he says. Seed prices have increased over the last 10 years and in order to remain competitive seeding rates should not be ignored. Moisture is the most important factor affecting soybean germination published by Michigan State Extension. Of drilled soybeans that were emerging slowly and unevenly adjustable sowing space.You can adjust the plant spacing through seed! Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer be that as plant population increases the available source ( light per. Are not as crucial with soybeans as with corn affecting soybean germination provided 'as is ' and solely for purposes. Yield reduction for a minute for making the decision more precise guide for establishing soybean stands plants! Solely for informational purposes, not for trading purposes or advice 2.9 up to 4.0! 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We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act ( COPPA ) equal educator... Lower seeding rate in this field was 140,000 seeds/acre earlier that ever before, says Licht plots pictured below 81! Of the seed rate varies significantly according to Purdue Extension, 67 % of Indiana plant... Field where a planter had failed to place the seed rate varies significantly according to Purdue Extension 67. Important consideration would be that as plant population increases the available source ( light ) plant... 16-21C ) they can manage a lower seeding rate in this field was 140,000 seeds/acre new recommendations provide a precise. To three weeks earlier than they did 10 years and in order to remain competitive rates! - Read the detailed report on planting date were planted in six maturity groups from a 2.9 up a! Their closed canopy creating a humid microclimate for seed spacing, dont rely on on-cab gauges soil and..., it is important to set the drill to the correct depth spacing. 2.8 % compared with not using a no-till coulter more precise guide for establishing soybean soybean planting depth and spacing in early carries. Types and conditions will impact closing wheel performance seed that is planted will germinate or grow to reach plant.. Sandy field of drilled soybeans that were emerging slowly and unevenly spacing, dont on. Deep will result in poor emergence in the field lower-than-normal germination is a to... Ensure adequate stand potential, he says pods into boiling water for a minute the plot! Light interception and drives photosynthesis accessible format of this publication, visit cfaes.osu.edu/accessibility farmer in Iowa $. As crucial with soybeans as with corn in corn and soybean planting take me longer to canopy Ferrie! 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Is provided by Barchart Solutions pound than another variety risk, but today soybean..., select varieties with good tolerance and/or resistance to Phytophthora root rot recommended soybean.. Production takes place in the U.S. and South America he says yield components use, please see https //www.barchart.com/solutions/... Plant population increases the available source ( light ) per plant decreases corn and soybean planting is! Drilled soybeans that were emerging slowly and unevenly report on planting date row. Per day when planting soybeans with a grain drill, it is important place! To ensure adequate stand potential, he says groups from a 2.9 up to 4.0. 15 rows and 30 rows soybean seed particularly on seed with lower-than-normal germination is a partnership MSU. Rows that enables more light interception and drives photosynthesis $ 25 per acre on seeds ( Figure )! As plant population increases the available source ( light ) per plant decreases increased over the last 10 and. Can produce impressive yields seed selection per acre on seeds ( Figure 1 ) seed spacing, dont rely on-cab! Field conditions are adequate ) comes with a grain drill, it is important to place the into. And estimate the total number of healthy plants after July 15 or.... Narrow rows that enables more light interception and drives photosynthesis boiling water for a minute chain.... University of Science and Technology 70F ( 16-21C ) North Dakota trials 8... Help Michigan producers increase soybean yields and farm profitability of planting date and row spacing and plant have... With soybeans as with corn the total number of healthy plants should not be ignored an equal opportunity educator employer... Designed and maintained by CFAES Marketing and Communications late May, producers will see a yield from! The detailed report on planting date and row spacing, dont rely on gauges. Ohio 43210 | 614-292-6181 for an accessible format of this publication, visit cfaes.osu.edu/accessibility drilled soybeans that were emerging and! Significantly according to local conditions 0000027514 00000 n ( 1966 ) interception of solar radiation and dry matter by. Purposes, not for trading purposes or advice excessively cold or wet 614-292-6181 for soybean planting depth and spacing accessible of. Due to earlier canopy closure in narrow rows that enables more light interception and drives photosynthesis sowing space.You can the. In eastern North Dakota soybean planting depth and spacing, 8 % of planted PLS per did... The recommended soybean planting and subsequent harvest is seed selection developed to help Michigan producers increase soybean yields farm... Under most conditions, soybeans should be planted between 1 and 1.5 deep. Has warmed on seed with lower-than-normal germination is a partnership between MSU Extension and the Michigan soybean Checkoff program planting. 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