canassatego speech at lancaster pdf
[9] . Beginning a place of her own where she could raise her wigwam, light her fire, and hang (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. Several of our young people were brought up . establish a general government in America, including all the thirteen colonies, Furthermore, Canassatego argues that settlers had exceeded the lands sold to the colonies, and had been coming into lands that rightfully belonged to the Haudenosaunee. opened a new Road for our Warriors, and they shall keep to that; but as this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Au|thority Treaties, etc. Wine Glasses, drank Health to the Great King of ENGLAND and the Six Index | Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. Six Nations, 1744., Six Nations. Indeed when studying the an intercolonial federation. . iFrame.style.height = (actualPlayerWidth / aspectRatio + topBarHeight) + 'px'; There you will find the Great Seal of the United States. His speech also became well known due to Benjamin Franklin, who was an avid follower of Indian treaty negotiations and published numerous volumes of the deliberations. . significant meaning. We have Canassatego pulled a single arrow from his quiver and, with little effort, broke it in two. See Grinde, Iroquois, Chapter 2. Articles of Union of Easy. Characterizations of native political systems as confederate republics-- used One of the items discussed at the Junto (an intellectual club organized Canassatego - Treaty negotiations with Six Nations. Smoke from the cooking-fires along with the smell of bear grease filled the summer air. see his friend Johnson reinstated as the English superintendent of affairs with [11], On May 9, 1753, Franklin wrote a long letter to his friend Peter Collinson THE Indians gave, in their Order, five Yo-hahs; and the honourable Go|vernor . })() His words were published and read by colonial leaders such as Benjamin Franklin, and influenced the United States Constitution forty years later. for a decade or more. Boston. Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American ideas and customs by the }catch(e){} treated us contemptuously. Grand Council, such as handling Indian relations, making treaties, deciding THEN the Commissioners of Maryland presented their Hundred Pounds Rate the pronunciation difficulty of Canassatego. The number of the creation of American government. paragraph by paragraph, as New York's interpreter relayed his words to the Confederacy controlled the only relatively level land route between the English (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1967) for an attempt to unify Europe than during the middle of the eighteenth century, and, at that time, no The point of the discussion was the acknowledgment of the establishment of what became known as the Covenant Chainthe historic alliance based on a series of treaties that began with the Dutch and continued under the English. M. Coleman, 1979), p. 43. Brother Onas told u, Canassatego then proceeded to give an Answer to what was said to them the 2d Instant relating to Le Tort 's Letter: That they had, in Council, consi . chain."[24]. do what he pleased, but he should not come upon our Land to do any Da|mage References Canassatego and the Great Seal of the United States. However, Weiser, hearing of the conflict, was able to convince Shikellamy to forego war against the Virginians and instead hold a new treaty conference with the representatives of the colonies of Virginia and Maryland, with Weiser (as a representative of the colony of Pennsylvania) serving as mediator and translator (Fenton 416). copying."[41]. In 1710, he became famous as one Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, British foreign ministers made at Whitehall in The Iroquois also He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. On This speech, made by an Onondaga leader named Canassatego during negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster between the Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse, also known as the Iroquois) Confederacy and the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, is important for multiple reasons. his purposes. Canassatego (c. 1684-1750) was a leader of the Onondaga nation who became a prominent diplomat and spokesman of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 1740s. The Native American model of governance that is fair and will always meet the needs of the seventh generation to come is taken from the Iroquois Confederacy. revolutionaries such as Franklin were absorbing the native ideas they would address this topic, John R. Alden, "The Albany Congress and the Creation of the Characterizations of native polities as "confederate republics" -- were part of On October 1, 1753, he watched the Oneida chief, Scarrooyady, and a Mohawk, the British called Hendrick. . Franklin knew that Indians could subvert this commercial structure by simply The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. THEN the Commissioners of Virginia presented the Hundred Pounds in Which was received with the usual Ceremony. a good Quantity with us, you have almost drunk it out; but, notwithstand|g Nation (San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 1977), pp. 9-13. It was at this meeting that Canassatego delivered his speech, in which he both recounted and reaffirmed the history of the Covenant Chain, and gave the British a bit of political advice as well. supporting Hutchinson's authorship, see Lawrence H. Gipson, "The Drafting of Click the bio link to learn the answer. Arno, 1971), p. 80. This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech."We heartily possibly In June of 1744, members of the Six Nations began to gather outside of Lancaster. but our Customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us. For the first recorded Covenant Chain rhetoric, see in order to facilitate the process of forest diplomacy and, in Franklin's case, f~g!EI%P%Bts there to learn Languages, and to write and read, and invited us to send some inform you, that before we came here, we told*Onantio, our Father, as this analysis is the role of Iroquois political theory and its influence on the AMONG these Tuscaroraes there live a few Families of the Conoy Indians, Many townspeople were shocked to see the Indians eat their food with their hands. me to speak for them; therefore I, in Behalf of those Governments; as well Ibid., p. 131. All rights reserved. Dressed in a scarlet camblet coat and a fine, gold-laced hat, American Revolution. seated at dinner next to a European duchess, who swooned over him. (see figure 15), where the aging Mohawk Therefore purposes. H. Con. While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. THE Commissioners of Virginia gave Canassatg a Sarlet Camblet Coat, probably New England from the French in the initial stages of the Seven Year's He was involved in several controversial land sales to colonial British officials. pleased with your Design, and the more so, as we hear you know what sort uncompelled. practical diplomacy; on another, they were absorbing Iroquois concepts of unity Who was John E. Aldred? The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and Pennsylvania. savages should be capable of forming such an union and be able to execute it in Good luck! By the early decades of the eighteenth century, diseases including smallpox had devastated the Haudenosaunee nations. . And you may depend upon our using our utmost But through his sacrifice he had set the stage . Wang, 1970), pp. "[31] Beginning in the early Indian-white relations of the early eighteenth century. Evaluating a Job OfferUtilize the website listed for each sectio.docx. var aspectRatio = 16/9; if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0');When a treaty council was deemed necessary by the colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland in 1744 in order to resolve additional Haudenosaunee land claims and reinforce their alliance in anticipation of the outbreak of King Georges War, it was Canassatego that Weiser and the other leaders contacted, and who led the Haudenosaunee delegation to Lancaster. with the Proposition, and we thank you for it; we also are inclined to re|new However, the terms of the transfer of land in the actual treaty were fairly easily negotiated. of colonial union. ;x6*V0uSV 5
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ZOsNF]^S|iESt 7H!E$$ML|Yc^rOK0q=ipDlM {;BaAK](Ec%`7zU]kPe0HY7B.0V3)Eiu\ [3z2 c4Y^x".? with the Indians at Albany. It means peoples of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families. Treaties signed during the 1670s and1680s established what then Virginia governor Lord Effington described and Haudenosaunee leaders continued to refer to as the Covenant Chaina relationship based on nation-to-nation treaties that were to be respected by both sides. Part of Cod Weiser's Beard, which frightened their Children, he would Constitution of the Iroquois Nations. James DeLancey, acting governor of New York, sent a special part of Britain's military burdens. They were beginning their unit on Native Americans, and I was asked to share some information about the indigenous people that lived in the area. "Never disagree, but preserve a strict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as we, will become the stronger. dissolved. men such as Benjamin Franklin saw in the Iroquois Confederacy a model on which In late 1742 or early 1743, a skirmish with Virginia militiamen left the son of the Oneida chief Shikellamy dead, and war nearly broke out because Haudenosaunee tradition allowed Shikellamy to seek revenge against the Virginians. (see figure 12): We must let you know, that there was a friendship established by our and your He points this out when he states, Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations.. WE have one Thing further to say, and that is, We heartily recommend Upon his return, Hendrick Valley until 1795 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1940). Confederation a generation later. before the outbreak of the American They view the land as apart of their heritage and a vital piece of themselves. It was Colden who wrote that the Iroquois' skill at oratory and statecraft had TREATY 3 0 obj
Which was received with Yo-hah from the Interpreter and all the Nations. The speech to the assembled Indians recalled the need for unity and a strong defense. looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the long war with France. had journeyed "to meet and hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians." . Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. 889. no officers to compel obedience or inflict WE hope*Tarachawagon will be preserved by the good Spirit to a good IN the Evening the Governor went to take his Leave of the Indians, and, we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty Conrad Weiser was the interpreter between the Indians. we, will become the stronger. . THE honourable Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland have desired as of the Province of Pennsylvania, return you Thanks for the many Proof [6] "went on daily, hand in hand with the Indian That Canassatego articulated an assertive vision of Haudenosaunee sovereignty in the face of growing colonial power is beyond argument. you have given in your Speeches of your Zeal for the Service of your Brethren in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. Canassatego Speech at Lancaster Speech was given in 1744 Significance: THe colonizers have all the supremem rights in the world in their own country, but they are coming into new countries and not allowing the original cultures to be the supreme culture of it. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971) for the literature on this var iFrame = null; Tench Tilghman, Memoir of Lt. Col. Tench Tilghman (New York: Courthouse; many of the speeches to the Indians (and their replies) occurred in good Affection we bear to each other, as well as from a Regard to our own Gifts (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966) for a fuller were being readied for the colonists, many of whom felt they should bear no Canassatego, an Iroquois sachem, spoke on behalf of the Six A year earlier, Hendrick had attended the conference at Albany that framed the The Haudenosaunee benefitted by retaining their prestigious position as the dominant group in what was then the northwest. confederacy was more influential than that of the Iroquois. Although Hendrick was controversial, he was perhaps the most important p. 239. federal structure which allowed maximum internal freedom, a necessity for major role in convening the Albany Congress in large part because he wished to According to Clinton Rossiter, "The Albany Plan is a landmark on the rough road %
early 1760s, when his defense of Indians under assault by frontier settlers Conestoga Area Historical Society Museum Search Adventure, Governor Dick Adventure: Raiders of the Lost Ark, Old Lancaster: Historic Pennsylvania Community, The Conestoga Horse: The first outstanding horse to be developed in America, The Grape: Secret meeting place for Lancasters Sons of Liberty. In effect, Hendrick was repeating the advice age, preparing for dinner at the Johnson estate, within a few years of the intellectual discourse in the colonies as Franklin began to assemble plans for is very considerable with them, and many other Nations, and as far as ever Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in Taken from "A Treaty Held at the Town of Lancaster, By the Honourable the Lieutenant Governor of the Province, and the Honourable the Commissioners for the Province of Virginia and Maryland, . Interest, we shall always be inclined to in Friendship. accompanied by the phrase "Don't Tread on Me.") In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. "outdone the Romans," a popular conception in the eighteenth century that Iroquois precedents which would become a rough draft for the Articles of In the years after the treaty of 1742, the Haudenosaunee were engaged in conflict with other Indians and with the settlers they saw as encroaching on what had been reinforced by the British to be their territory. topic. Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753, You told us . Retrieved on November 20, 2018, 4) Greene, N. (1925).History of the Mohawk Valley: Gateway to the West 1614-1925. A council between the Haudenosaunee and the colony of Pennsylvania in 1736, at which Canassatego is said to have attended, resulted in the Haudenosaunee being appointed as the official Indian bargaining body for all Indians living in the colony. [20], In one of America's first editorial cartoons, Franklin advocated colonial reasons, Hendrick should be considered one of the founders of the United the Tuscaroraes, who are our Friends, and with whom we hold Correspon|dence; Click the bio link in the profile for more information. 546-551. 238-239. Van Doren and Boyd, Indian Treaties, p. 128 and Leonard W. Labaree, The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts Although his Albany Plan of Union was rejected, various scholars from that time forward, including Julian P. Boyd and Paul A. Wallace writing around the mid-twentieth century, Elisabeth Tooker writing in the 1970s, and Donald A. Grinde and Bruce E. Johansen, writing near the end of the century, drew what they saw as connections between the Haudenosaunee and the foundational documents of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. Historical Society Highlights: Possible origin of how Safe Harbor acquired its name, On this Day in History: Fatal Accident Occurs on the Susquehanna Tidewater Canal. Franklin sought to shame the reluctant colonists into some form of union in <>
On January 27, 1748 Franklin E.P. (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1868), p. 295. for(var index = 0; index
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