african presence in early america pdf

The volume is profusely illustrated. The ink of a scholar's pen is holier than the blood of the martyr. web pages Global Research Garikai Chengu is a scholar at Harvard University. To acknowledge the Olmecs and their civilization as the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica means to acknowledge that they preceded that of the Mayans and Aztecs, whose heritage the Spaniards tried to eradicate and Mexicans today are proud of.47, In a world accustomed to suppressing, distorting, ignoring or denying the achievements of Black Africans it is difficult to accept the historical paradigm shift mandated by the evidence presented here. The original source of this article is Global Research. He was visiting professor at Princeton University and lectured at more than one hundred colleges and universities. African Presence in early Asia. BLACK AFRICAS HISTORY This book was salvational in many ways at the time of its publication. African Muslims were an integral part of creating America from mapping its borders to fighting against British rule. When viewed in their totality these cultural similarities strongly suggest that there was contact between the ancient Africans from the Nile Valley and the Olmec people. 168. Pyramid construction is highly specialized. Conspicuous among these shared elements are those adopted by the monarchies in both civilizations, and appear in a combination too arbitrary and unique to be independently duplicated.35 They include the following: The double crown, the royal flail, the sacred boat or ceremonial bark of the kings, the religious value of the color purple and its special use among priests and people of high rank; the artificial beard, feathered fans and the parasol or ceremonial umbrella. African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. Addeddate 2021-01-11 01:39:57 Viracocha was described in legends as a tall man with long beard, pale skin and using a rod that emitted thunders and lightnings; Quetzalcoatl was the Feathered serpent, tall and mastering of the secret of arts and time. to 1700 B.C.E. %PDF-1.5 On September 24th, 2016, the National Museum of African American History and Culture opened in Washington, D.C. The unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered is undeniable. This selection of over sixty European paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, books, and decorative objects, dating from around 1480 to around 1605 . Yurugu: An African-Centered Critique of European Cultural Thought and Behavior Trenton: Africa World Press, 1994. I think it is due, at this point, to spend some time entering in details about these two deities, who were secondary characters at Sumer, but preheminent deities in Mesoamerica and Southamerica. MAA MAAT CENTRE. Everybody has to become aware of this revision of history. Nearly a dozen other European explorers also found Black people in the Americas when they reached the Western Hemisphere. The Olmec an African Presence in Early America, Early America Revisited Paperback. 575, Acropolis and Sanctuary of Demeter Malophoros, Selinus, Sicily.pdf, CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES PART 2.docx, Plasma Petroglyphs (Plasmaglyphs), Earthworks, and the Megafauna Extinction, Religion at Gbekli Tepe and later in the same region, Introductory Guide to Ancient Civilizations, Behind The Veil of Tears: II Ashes of the Phoenix, Chapter 2 Early writing systems and civilizations from the book Neo-Eneolithic Literacy in Southeastern Europe, CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES PART 3.docx, ANCIENT INDIAN LITERATURE AND LANGUAGES APN CHAPTER 3 PART 3.docx, Divine origins of ancient Egyptian sacred symbolism and architecture in its global concept, ANCIENT RELIGION OF INDIAN CONTINENT CHAPTER 4 ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY APN.docx Part -2.docx, Ancient Alien Architect Hypothesis and EPEMC (Brief. How African was the early human dispersal out of Africa, The roots of the Hispanic/Latino presence in the U.S. go back to colonial times when most of the countrys southern flank was under Spanish rule. [7] The 2015 Inter-census Estimate was the first time in which Afro-Mexicans could identify themselves as such and was a preliminary effort to include the identity before the 2020 . This volume presents what is presently known about the links between Africa and America before the age of Columbus. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico;37 and Mexican sarcophagi leave an opening in the tomb as do the Egyptians, for the birds escape from the dead.38, Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. 3 0 obj Van Sertima also discussed many of these topics in his several published books including Blacks in Science: Ancient and Modern (1983), Black Women in Antiquity (1984), The African Presence in Early Asia (1985), Great Black Leaders, Ancient and Modern (1988), and Egypt: The Child of Africa (1994). We cannot of course reproach the author with what he could not know in 1976. Chief among them was the American Olmec specialist Matthew Stirling. xMkA@tl.F3!iI!B>C[Ev 6_rs]]nu|da{](>Jp||Zp&~7w[8w @PK}#@,xG except a strong Negroid substratum connected with the Magicians [Olmecs]., Any objective analysis of the evidence clearly shows that Black people reached the Americas thousands of years before Columbus. In September 1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa led his men down the slopes of Quarequa, which was near Darien, now called Panama, where they saw several Black men, who were captured by native Americans.3 Balboa asked the Indians whence they got them [the Black people], but they could not tell, nor did they know more than this, that men of this color were living nearby and they were constantly waging war with them. I have never claimed, writes Van Sertima, that Africans created or founded the Olmec civilizationThey left a significant influence upon itand that is more than can be said of any other Old World group visiting the native American or emigrating to the continent before Columbus., A study of the Olmec civilization reveals elements that are remarkably similar to the ritual traits and techniques in the Egypto-Nubian world of the same period. A bird with a human head also appears in a relief from Izapa, Mexico; Jairazbhoy also shows remarkable similarities between several gods in the Egyptian underworld and those of Olmec Mexico. He wrote: Cleared of the surrounding earth, it [the colossal head] presented an awe-inspiring spectacle. Ivan Van Sertima, Egypto-Nubian Presences in Ancient America, in Ivan Van Sertimas (ed.). In addition to Mexican scholars, a number of others have described the colossal stone heads in terms similar to those of Melgar. Among them were the editors of Freedomways magazine, who brought their activist and organizing experiences in Popular Front coalitions in the 1930s and 1940s to bear on the civil rights . 128 views, 4 likes, 4 loves, 54 comments, 6 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Williams Chapel Church: Williams Chapel Church was live. Three early popes were African. Other indicators include, astronomy, art, writing systems, flora and fauna. cit., p.37. They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. When viewed in their totality these cultural similarities strongly suggest that there was contact between the ancient Africans from the Nile Valley and the Olmec people. The Secret Relationship Between Blacks & Jews: NOW AVAILABLE! For example, there are hand-shaped incense spoons found in Olmec sites that are almost identical to their Eyptian counterparts and have similar names. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. Historian Nicholas Leon was of a similar opinion: The oldest inhabitants of Mexico, according to some, were Negroes, and according to others, the Otomies. Runoko Rashidied, African Presence in Early Asia, US, Transaction Publishers, 1995. Sitchin goes on stating that ther were two distinct fluxes of deities and people: one originated the myth of Viracocha, the other originated the myth of Quetzalcoatl. BLACK SHOGUN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AFRICAN PRESENCE IN African presence in early asia pdf Note: All prices in the U.S. dollar ivan van Sertema (1935-2009) were professors of African studies at The University of The Rethgers. The strongest evidence of African presence in America before Columbus comes from the pen of Columbus himself. villages, no pyramid appears until much later.. 5 Ancient Black Civilizations That Were Not in Africa Sertima, who published his book They Came before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America in I976.7. African Presence in Early America - Paperback In this collective work, Van Sertima is joined by half a dozen other colleagues. In his Journal of the Second Voyage, Columbus wrote that when he reached Haiti, then labeled Espanola, the native people told him that black skinned people had come from the south and southeast in ships trading in gold tipped metal spears. WHEAT David. Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains. The Indus Valley civilization was at its height from about 2200 B.C.E. N . Sun 17 September 2017 16:00 - 19:00. $ 14.29 - $ 27.29. The Mayans, Aztecs and Incas all worshipped black gods and the surviving portraits of the black deities are revealing. Ancient African historian Professor Van Sertima has illustrated how Olmecs were the first Mesoamerican civilization to use a written language, sophisticated astronomy, arts and mathematics and they built the first cities in Mexico, all of which greatly influenced the Mayans and subsequent civilizations in the Americas. They dominated China about 2800 B.C. N17 9HT. Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, Dr. Scobie was a major authority on the African presence in early Western Europe. Other scholars contend that numerous navigators sailed to the Americas from West Africa when the medieval empires of Ghana, Mali and Songhay flourished in that region. 1940 excavation of a thousand-year-old Olmec site near Veracruz. The original Olmecs were Native Americans who were very probably colonized and acculturated by Africans who settled their homeland. In 1922, about 350 miles northeast of Harappa, another large Indus city, Mohenjo-daro (the. 6 0 obj They appear to represent priest-kings who ruled vast territories in Mesoamerica [Mexico and Central America] during the Olmec period, which is to be considered later herein. The existence of Negroes and giants is commonly believed by nearly all the races of our soil Several archaeological objects found in various locations demonstrate their existence Memories of them in the most ancient traditions induce us to believe that the Negroes were the first inhabitants of Mexico, Another authority, J.A. Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. Seafaring allowed Europe to conquer the world. He was considered one of the African Christian martyrs. These were the first Negroes that had been seen in the Indies.4 Peter Martyr, the first prominent European historian of the New World, stated that the Black men seen by Balboa and his companions were shipwrecked Africans who had taken refuge in the local mountains.5, Father Fray Gregoria Garcia, a priest of the Dominican order who spent nine years in Peru during the early sixteenth century, identified an island off of Cartagena, Columbia as the place where the Spanish first found Black people in the New World. African Americans History & Culture Britannica.com In 1991 Dr. Van Sertima defended his highly controversial thesis on the African presence in pre-Columbian America before the Smithsonian. He edited the Journal of African Civilizations, which has greatly changed the way . Despite its great size, the workmanship is delicate and sure, its proportions perfect The features are bold and amazingly negroid in character.16, Another authority, Selden Rodman speaks of the colossal Negroid heads17 European journalist and Olmec specialist, Walter Hanf, describes carved colossal heads with Negroid features, deformed and close-shaven skulls, blunt noses, and protruding lips.18 Author and anthropologist Sharon McKern states that the colossal heads are inescapably Negroid.19. Price In 1994 the Smithsonian published his address in Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas: A New World View of 1492. It makes a convincing case for pre-Columbian contacts between Africa and America before the era of the slave trade. I reflected that there had undoubtedly been Blacks in this country and this had been in the first epoch of the world10 Since Melgars discovery sixteen other colossal stone heads have been found in many parts of Mexico, including ancient sacred sites such as La Venta and Tres Zapotes in southern Mexico. Speaking specifically about the African influence on the Olmec culture, historian Zecharia Sitchin provides this view: It is an embarrassing enigma, because it challenges scholars and prideful nationalists to explain how people from Africa could have come to the New World not hundreds but thousands of years before Columbus, and how they could have developed, seemingly overnight, the Mother Civilization of Mesoamerica. 102-117. One of these articles, African Popes, discussed the lives of the three African pontiffs: St. Victor I (189-199), St. Miltiades (311-314) and St He furthermore cites a document of Francisco Nunez Vega (1691), who describes an ancient calendar found in Chiapas that mentions seven negritos representing the seven planets.9. Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . In an oral tradition recorded in the Titulo Coyoi, a major document of the Maya, the parasol is specifically mentioned as having been brought to the New World by foreigners who traveled by sea from the east.36, The Indian scholar, Rafique Jairazbhoy, has studied the ancient Egyptians and the Olmecs in great detail and has pointed to many other ritual parallels between the two groups. In his. At the same time, the work in no way denies the importance of the Columbus voyages for opening up the New World to Europe, and hence changing the economic and . CIIS Library Database. Pp. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> many african americans only obsess over egypt because its a way to counter the. South American cocaine from Erythroxylon coca and nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum. On the very ceremonial court and platform where four of the African-type heads were found in the holy capital of the Olmec world, La Venta. 5. On the strength of the colossal Olmec heads and other evidence, several early Mexican scholars concurred with Melgars contention that Black people settled the New World, particularly Mexico, in antiquity. Ever since Christopher Columbus first suggested that Black Africans preceded him to the New World, a number of scholars have investigated this contention. Call Number: Africana Library DS28.A35 A37x 1995 Publication Date: 1995 African Presence in Early Europe by Ivan Van Sertima, ed. Throughout all of these travels, African explorers have not had a history of starting devastating wars on the people they met. In Egyptian mythology the human headed bird, Ba, flies out of the tomb. In a very ancient epoch, wrote historian Riva Palacio, or before the existence of the Otomies [native Americans] or better yet invading them, the Black race occupied our territory This race brought its religious ideas and its own cult.11, Author C.C. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America. Joan, Eahr Amelia. African Americans are mainly of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well. Notes on Mesoamerican Civilization, Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System predating the Anglo American presence; however, in 1847, Mexico lost approximately half of its territory to the United States. Sitchin contends that the mesoamerican civilization rose because of the settlement of some of the Anunnaki in Mexico and in Per, moving from Sumer with the aid of some humans recruited in Sumer and in Western Africa (and Egypt). . Some of the Olmec sculptures depicting human beings are so decidedly Negroid that many scholars long thought that the indigenous Olmec culture itself was of Black origin. <> Early American Scans NetSuite, highlighting the economic and social forces most able to explain the presence or the absence of slave trading in different regions of the world. endobj The Olmec an African Presence in Early America ), Matthew M. Stirling, Discovering the New World: Oldest Dated Work of Man,, W. Hayes III, The African Presence in America Before Columbus,. Atlantic Creole culture: patterns of transformation and adaptations, 1607-60 5. Book excerpt: Examines cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans, offering evidence of the presence of African explorers in the New World centuries before the arrival of Columbus. Directed by REMONE L. FOSTER, LL.B IMPORTANT NOTICE The first topic on the CAPE History Unit 1 syllabus requires students to consider one Advanced indigenous group (Maya, Inca or Aztec) and one simple indigenous group (Tupi, Kalinago and Taino). Of course, some Western historians continue to refute this fact because, consciously or unconsciously, they are still hanging on to the 19th-century notion that seafaring was a European monopoly. Bound for the Promised Land: Harriet Tubman: Portrait of an American Hero by Kate Clifford Larson 9.99; Black Athena revisited 15.99; A Kid's Guide to African American History: More than 70 Activities (A Kid's Guide series) 7.99; To move a continent : Kwame Nkrumah's role in African affairs, 1957-1966 9.99 In truth, Africans began coming to the Americas thousands of years before Columbus; and the evidence of their presence, though systematically ignored by mainstream scholars, is overwhelming and undeniable. Colossal stone heads in terms similar to those of Melgar Ancient America, Early America Revisited.. Of these travels, African explorers have not had a history of starting devastating wars on the African Presence Early! Of African ancestry, but many have non-Black ancestors as well Eyptian counterparts and have similar names of Harappa another. Of Harappa, another large Indus city, Mohenjo-daro ( the the way shipbuilding Cultural. 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Wrote: Cleared of the black deities are revealing time of its.. Has to become aware of this revision of history have non-Black ancestors well...

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