what is copper oxychloride used for

2021/05/21

The hypothesis of Kotz (1996KOTZ, J. M. History and epidemiology of citrus black spot in South Africa. X = data related to average fruit weight of four plants in the plots. Perodo de incubao de Guignardia citricarpa em diferentes estdios fenolgicos de frutos de laranjeira Valncia. Means followed by the same letter in the columns do not differ by the Tukey's test (P0.05). Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; eduardofonseca.tva@gmail.com, adggoes@yahoo.com.br, fe.eng.agronomica@gmail.com.

Saint Paul: Pathology, and Host-Pathogen Interaction, 2000. v. 1, cap. The critical period of susceptibility of sweet orange fruits to the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa is from the petal-fall stage (KOTZ, 1981KOTZ, J. M. Epidemiology and control of citrus black spot in South Africa. Can be used on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals, Controls leaf curl, leaf spots, blights, downy mildew and black spot. SCHUTTLE, G. C.; KOTZ, J. M. Grass mulching as part in integrated control programme for the control of citrus black spot. The treatment with COC at 24.5 mg m-3 was also efficient, presenting similar results to those of the treatments COC at 31.0 mg m-3 and FST.

Protects against a very wide range of fungal and bacterial diseases. It is consistent with data in the literature for late-maturing sweet oranges varieties grown in areas with many inoculum sources (SPSITO et al., 2004Spsito, M. B. et al.

A partir desses dados foi calculada a rea abaixo da curva de progresso da doena (AACPD).

Cuttings from 15-year-old orange trees (Citrus sinensis) of the Valencia variety were grafted onto lemon trees (Citrus limonia) planted with spacing of 7.0 by 3.0 m. A randomized block design was used, with plots consisted of 3 rows of 15 plants, totaling 45 plants per plot.

Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 34, n. 2, p. 71-76, 2009.; BELLOTTE et al., 2013BELLOTTE, J. 500g/Kg copper as a copper oxychloride in the form of a wettable powder.

oxychloride copper wikia

A widely used copper fungicide.

208 p. ).

1. ed.

Plants treated with application of copper oxychloride at 31 and 24.5 mg m-3 with 14-day intervals (14 applications) to control citrus black spot (CBS) had fruits with lower symptom scores up to the fourth evaluation (October,2015), mainly when compared to the farm standard treatment (FST) (cuprous oxide + pyraclostrobin), indicating the higher efficiency of these treatments over the FST (Table 2). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 34, n. 1, p. 102-108, 2012. Araraquara, 2019.

Araraquara, SP: FUNDECITRUS, 2016. Y= data obtained according to the, Text 10g is approximately 1 level tablespoon.3. AGUIAR, R. L. Produo de anticorpo policional para caracterizao de Phyllosticta citricarpa em tecidos lenhosos de citros.

The experiment was conducted in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil, in the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized block design, using a Citrus sinensis variety (Valencia). Pre-mix in a small volume of water to form a thin slurry before adding the remaining water.

The application of cupric fungicides (protective) at early stages of fruit development (high growth rates) and with 14-day intervals hinders the contact of the pathogen with the plant tissues, suppressing the pathogen at pre-penetration stages, thus, reducing the disease progress.

Do not contaminate any water supply or fishponds with product or empty container.

Perodo de incubao de Guignardia citricarpa em diferentes estdios fenolgicos de frutos de laranjeira Valncia.

The treatments consisted of copper rates (zero - control; 31, 24.5, 18.5, 12.2, and 9.1 mg of metal copper per cubic meter of canopy) using copper oxychloride (concentrated suspension - CS; 588 g L-1 of copper oxychloride or 350 g L-1 of metal copper), and an additional treatment with application of a cupric fungicide (cuprous oxide) and a strobilurin fungicide.

Thus, the protection of fruits with applications of copper oxychloride with 14-day intervals up to the end of the rainy season is important to reduce incidence and severity of CBS and fruit drop in citrus plants.

), comprising more than 200 days.

Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012. Phytopathology, v. 54, n. 1, p. 40-43, 1964. The application of copper oxychloride alone is a practical and coherent way for the control of CBS and for the preventive control of diseases that limit the Brazilian citriculture, especially in the state of So Paulo.

This low yield shows that the control treatment probably had early fruit drop before the fruit drop evaluations.

Petal fall and at 3-4 weekly intervals until harvest.

Symptoms of CBS are caused by conidia formed in dry branches and in fruits, and by ascospores from fallen leaves at initial decomposition phases (SILVA JUNIOR et al., 2016SILVA JUNIOR, G. et al. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 24, n. 1, p. 282, 1999. Fungicide application is the main control measure for CBS, which is essential to maintain high fruit yields.

Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo.

Proceedings of the International Society Citriculture, p. 1296-1299, 1996.) Elaborao e validao de escala diagramtica para avaliao da severidade da mancha preta em frutos ctricos.

2007. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 34, n. 2, p. 71-76, 2009.

Tropical Plant Pathology, v. 37, n. 2, p. 155-158, 2012.).

Considering that the use of insecticides to control Diaphorina citri is carried out biweekly, the adoption of simultaneous use of copper oxychloride is an efficient alternative to control P. citricarpa.

), acceleration of decomposition of fallen leaves, intercropping (BELLOTTE et al., 2009BELLOTTE, J. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. The less efficient treatments for the control of P. citricarpa (COC at 9.1 and 12.2 mg m-3) had the lowest yields (Figure 3). FAGAN, C.; GOES, A. Efeito da severidade da mancha preta dos frutos ctricos causada por Guignardia citricarpa na queda prematura de frutos de laranja Natal.

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Applications of copper oxychloride CS at rates of 31 and 24.5 mg m-3 with 14-day intervals are efficient for the control of CBS, with similar efficiency to the farm standard treatment. Wear protective gloves and eye protection when mixing or using.

Journal of Economic Entomology, v. 18, n. 2, p. 265-266, 1925. Saint Paul: Pathology, and Host-Pathogen Interaction, 2000. v. 1, cap.

1. ed. In addition, cupric fungicides can cause injuries that, together with the fruit scars, make the fruit peel look undesirable when the fruit is intended for fresh fruit markets.

The best control of CBS was found using the treatments with the highest COC rates (31 and 24.5 mg m-3), which were similar to each other and to the FST, and better than the control.

A. M. et al.

According to Silva Jnior et al. Aceleration of the decomposition of Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure in the control of citrus black spot. 208 p. ). Compendium of Citrus Diseases.

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The experiment was conducted at a citrus farm in Bebedouro, SP, Brazil (2129'41''S, 4830'63''W), in the 2014/2015 crop season.

The control treatment presented the highest accumulated percentage of fruit drop (28.1%) by the end of the evaluations, which resulted in lowest fruit yield (Table 6). Scaloppi, E. M. T. et al.

Citrus journal, v. 7, n. 3, p. 18-20, 1997.). The effects of inter-crop cultivation Between rows of citrus crop on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa Ascospores and in the citrus black spot occurrence. Moreover, spraying devices have technical limitations that make them unable to generate uniform sprays and produce droplets that reach all the fruit surfaces; and long exposure period of the fruits to the inoculum (higher than 180 days) (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al. Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo.

Citrus fruits are susceptible from the beginning of the fruiting until the maturation stage (AGUIAR et al., 2012Aguiar, R. L. et al.

It has a low aqueous solubility and a low volatility.

Revista Caatinga, v. 29, n. 3, p. 677-684, 2016.). The severity of CBS increased with fruit maturation, resulting in progressive fruit drops, especially between the last two evaluations (October and November) (Tables 3 and 4). This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google. O experimento foi instalado no municpio de Bebedouro/SP durante a safra 2014/15, variedade Valncia, em delineamento em blocos casualizados. Fitopatologia Brasileira, v. 29, n. 1, p. 81-85, 2004.).

KOTZ, J. M. Citrus black spot.

Pinta preta dos citros: a doena e o seu manejo. Both inoculum sources are present mainly between spring and early autumn, which is the essential period to control the pathogen.

Some cupric fungicides are approved for control of P. citricarpa in citrus plants and are routinely used.

No apparent phytotoxicity symptoms were found, even when using the highest COC rates with 14 applications. McONIE, K. C. The latent occurrence in citrus and other hosts of a, MOTTA, R. R. Determinao do perodo residual de fungicidas protetores e sistmicos parao controle de, NOZAKI, M. H. Produo de estruturas reprodutivas e efeito do ambiente nos tipos de sintomas produzidos por.

70 p. Dissertao (Mestrado em Agronomia: rea de Concentrao em Produo Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, 2009. BARBOSA, J. C.; MALDONADO JR, W. Experimentao Agronmica e AgroEstat - Sistema para Anlises Estatsticas de Ensaios Agronmicos.

Revista Caatinga, v. 29, n. 3, p. 677-684, 2016. Method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. citri in leaves and fruits (BEHLAU et al., 2010Behlau, F. et al. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 35, n. 1, p. 102-111, 2013.

A. M. et al.

Cupric fungicides based on copper hydroxide result in further damage to the fruit peel (SCHUTTLE; KOTZ, 1997).

Effect of frequency of copper applications on control of citrus canker and the yield of young bearing sweet orange trees.