neodymium magnet n52 properties

2021/05/21

Neuron specific enolase which is the determinant of neuronal damage and S100 blood levels were studied, the test conducted to measure mental ability revealed that the parameters tested on the 17 volunteers were not affected by the magnetic fields and to generate a magnetic field with neodymium magnets seemed to be safe on these parameters [13]. Klostergaard J, Seeney CE. There are different grades of Neodymium magnets, for example N35, N38, N42, N38SH.. etc. n52 neodymium demag In the latter, the recovery lasted for a considerably short time and the intima was smoother and regularly formed than in the former [11]. Alimentacin, lavandera, camarera, aseo y This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. There are different levels of Neodymium 35 temperature rating (M, H, SH, UH, EH, or AH). Nolen (National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, 09/87) demonstrated SmCo having a better performance, with Sm2Co17offering 2-40 times better radiation resistance than NdFeB. Accessibility Current high-grade neodymium magnets are N52. Despite insufficient studies conducted on the effects of neodymium magnets, they appear to have a great potential for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In tumor areas, capillary permeability increases and particles that cannot intercellularly travel elsewhere can pass into the tumor. Modifying bone scaffold architecture in vivo with permanent magnets to facilitate fixation of magnetic scaffolds. Magnets can be used to generate magnetic fields in neural electrical activity research. Lamkowsky MC, Geppert M, Schmidt MM, Dringen R. Magnetic field-induced acceleration of the accumulation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by cultured brain astrocytes. pblico y privado. The arteriole and venule diameters of the mice exposed to static magnetic field generated by neodymium magnets were demonstrated to be considerably reduced [10]. mantenimiento de instalaciones.

Jin Y, Phillips B. A systematic review of evidence for the effectiveness of practitioner-based complementary and alternative therapies in the management of rheumatic diseases: osteoarthritis. Focused magnetic stem cell targeting to the retina using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. about navigating our updated article layout. N52 magnets grade is still a great choice for strongmagnets. Est dirigido por profesionales en el rea, nutricionista, Chef y personal quienes unificando esfuerzos, ofrecen un men variado, completo, nutritivo y balanceado. Placing of magnets on upper and lower eyelids in the treatment of lagophthalmos has obtained successful results [16]. Zeller & J.A. encasing, modified coatings such as zinc plus rubber, etc). NxxT and L-NxxT alloys have better corrosion resistance than standard NdFeB but still needs coating. Maximum performance relative to size. Get In Touch Today. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Leesungbok R, Ahn SJ, Lee SW, Park GH, Kang JS, Choi JJ. In an animal study, ring-shaped magnets were endoscopically used for magnetic compression anastomosis (magnamosis), being placed opposite to each other in the targeted areas [28, 29]. Efficacy and Safety of Low-field Synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) for Treatment of Major Depression. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Magnetic foreign body injuries: a large pediatric hospital experience.

Iron within the structure can rust which causes a permanent structural change in NdFeB which results in a permanent weakening of the magnetic performance the worst case scenario is a total loss of magnetism. Though they are used in the health sector in various diagnostic devices and as therapeutic tools, there is some potential for harmful effects, as well as the risk of accident.

in liquid nitrogen). E.W. Electronic devices are being increasingly used in our lives. Nd and Dy prices affect the production cost. The effect of neodymium magnet implants placed in rabbit tibia and that of non-magnetic implants on bone tissue have been compared. government site. Recurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an approved and effective treatment method for major depression. Oliviero A, Carrasco-Lpez MC, Campolo M, Perez-Borrego YA, Soto-Len V, Gonzalez-Rosa JJ, et al. Richmond SJ, Brown SR, Campion PD, Porter AJ, Moffett JA, Jackson DA, et al. Continue to our US site. Macfarlane GJ, Paudyal P, Doherty M, Ernst E, Lewith G, MacPherson H, et al. ; Critical review S.A. National Library of Medicine Corrosion resistance of iron-platinum magnets. In a research in which the role of static magnetic field in carpal tunnel treatment was researched on, the effects of two different magnetic field levels on the median nerve were evaluated. permiten deleitarnos con preparaciones de la An official website of the United States government. In another study, to ensure glottis aperture in bilateral vocal cord paralysis, magnets were placed ex vivo in sheep larynx had the gap widened. The root reaching out can then be reformed by methods such as porcelain coating [41]. Because it provides high magnetic force even in lesser amounts, it has been increasingly given a more prominent role in the manufacture of strong permanent magnets made up of rare earth elements. variado se realizan diversos festivales,que nos If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. The strong magnetic field properties of magnets have led to their use in many modern technologies, as well as in the fields of medicine and dentistry. Arthritis Research UK working group on Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Management of Rheumatic Diseases. Strieth S, Strelczyk D, Eichhorn ME, Dellian M, Luedemann S, Griebel J, et al. Static magnetic field therapy: a critical review of treatment parameters. Evaluation of the effects of a moderate intensity static magnetic field application on human osteoblast-like cells. The outward movement of the buried tooth root in cases of dental fracture can be achieved using magnets in 912 weeks. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. ; Analysis and/or interpretation S.A., C.Y., N.A.Y. Rare earth magnets in orthodontics: an overview. North Atlantic American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition advocated for the ban on the sale of strong magnets including neodymium, but they stated in 2014 that these efforts were not effective enough. Neodymium magnets have pushpull forces and have been used as a motion-generating device in orthodontic treatments; molar distillation, and palatal expansion [3, 4]. Bondemark L, Kurol J, Hallonsten AL, Andreasen JO. Magnetic force increases with the magnet's grade (the number following the 'N'). calificado, quienes unificando esfuerzos, ofrecen un men variado, Some NdFeB grade are demagnetised to half their maximum performance with a proton beam radiation of 4 x 106rads and are completely demagnetised with a proton beam radiation of 7 x 107rads. Another study indicated that neodymium magnetic fields increases the nail bed microcirculation although this study conflicted with other studies [8]. In this review, the history, definition, and properties of rare earth magnets were briefly explained. They are also available with attachments such as hooks or threadedattachments. In critical applications where corrosion and magnet failure are unacceptable, magnets such as ferrite or SmCo may be more suitable. Can be rated to +100 (212F), +120 (248F), +150 (302F), +180 (356F), +200 (392F) and +220/230 degrees C (428/446F) with higher Hci versions. Since 1990, China has been predominant in the mining of rare earth elements. Exploration of the validity of weak magnets as a suitable placebo in trials of magnetic therapy. They are from the Rare-Earth magnet family and have the highest magnetic properties of all permanent magnets, stronger than Samarium Cobalt (SmCo), Alnico and Ferrite. Very useful and reliable grade of neodymium magnet with stable magnetic characteristics. Static magnetic field therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: a feasibility study. Neodymium Iron Boron, NdFeB, magnets and corrosion resistance. As the temperature gets colder, neodymium magnets get stronger, and they even operate better at lower temperatures. FOIA The permanent demagnetisation fields and radiation can also affect neodymium magnets, so the magnet must always be fully understood according to the environment in which it will be used. Neodymium magnets are said to be able to function well in temperatures as low as -130 C. It is also possible for certain grades of neodymium magnets to be exposed to very high temperatures before they begin to change their properties and, either temporarily or permanently, lose their magnetism. Bousvaros A, Bonta C, Gilger M, Noel RA. cenas de navidad y ao nuevo, desayunos almuerzos y cenas especiales In an experiment on aneurysm closure, magnets placed on the outer body of experimental rabbits were used to direct magnetic micro particles in the circulation toward the area for at least 30 minutes. Jamshidi R, Stephenson JT, Clay JG, Pichakron KO, Harrison MR. Magnamosis: magnetic compression anastomosis with comparison to suture and staple techniques. In addition, a broad overview of results obtained in studies performed to date on the effects of magnets, and neodymium magnets in particular, on body systems, tissues, organs, diseases, and treatment is provided. Magnamosis II: Magnetic compression anastomosis for minimally invasive gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy. As already discussed in previous sections, the NdFeB magnet has various grades: each grade has its own magnetic properties (relating to strength of magnetic field output and resistance to demagnetisation, maximum recommended operating temperature and temperature coefficients). The magnetic field generated by neodymium magnets is thought to increase microcirculation but the effects on this are not clearly known. Neodymium magnets are a powerful type of magnet that has been the subject of recent research. The flow of red blood cells in the skeletal muscle capillaries exposed to strong static magnetic fields has been reported to be reduced [9], Intra tumoral microcirculation is characterized by tortuous micro vessels with chaotic structures and unstable irregular blood flow. The grades have other physical properties which are similar between the grades. segn solicitudes expresas de nuestros clientes. In a study, a special device was surgically placed on the backs of laboratory mice. Ba X, Hadjiargyrou M, DiMasi E, Meng Y, Simon M, Tan Z, et al. Our professional team will give you expert advice and guidance for your magnetic application and equipment. If the conditions are wet, it is recommended that alternative magnets be considered for use of that the magnet design try to protect the magnet from moisture (e.g. Yan Y, Shen G, Xie K, Tang C, Wu X, Xu Q, et al. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Static magnetic fields induce blood flow decrease and platelet adherence in tumor microvessels. Authorship contributions: Concept S.A.; Design S.A.; Supervision S.A.; Materials S.A., C.Y., N.A.Y. Morris CE, Skalak TC. In two separate studies comparing the number and size of magnets swallowed by children in 20022009 and 20102012, there was an increase in the number of cases involving more than one magnet and a decrease in the size of the magnet swallowed, but all cases required surgical intervention. Yiu EY, Fang DT, Chu FC, Chow TW. Neodymium magnets are available in several different sizes and variations, including neodymium bar magnets orneodymiumblocks, neodymium disc magnets, neodymium pot magnets, neodymium ring magnets. Magnetic microparticles for endovascular aneurysm treatment: in vitro and in vivo experimental results. There is a risk of chipping or breaking the magnets because all magnets are inherently brittle. Among these scales, only PRI subscales revealed statistically significant difference.

Human stem cells in serum-free medium, to which an amount of magnetic nanoparticles containing iron (0.043 mg/ml) was added in a nontoxic level, were used along with neodymium magnets and observed on a daily basis. The Neodymium Rare Earth magnets do not perform as well as SmCo Rare Earth magnets. So no letter on a standard neodymium magnet indicates its maximum operating temperature, 80 C. Our Neodymium magnets are allREACH and ROHS compliant. The health sector is another field where neodymium magnets are incorporated in medical devices for example in magnetic resonance imaging devices to diagnose and treat chronic pain syndrome, arthritis, wound healing, insomnia, headache, and several other diseases due to their ability to generate a static magnetic field. A study conducted in 2014 revealed that while the occurrence rate of patients who suffered from major depression and treated with sTMS declined by 48%, it declined by 19% in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant. In the field of information technology, neodymium magnets are particularly used in hard disc drives, mobile phones, video and audio systems of television [1]. In a randomized double blind placebo controlled research, 12-week long observation was performed after a 6-week long interference. NASA uses neodymium magnets to maintain the muscular tonus of astronauts during space flights [2]. Lee C, Choi EK, Kong HJ, Choy YB, Kim HC, Oh S. Generating radiofrequency ablation lesions using magnetically coupled bipolar catheters. Personal con experiencia en camarera. All rights reserved for Magma Magnets Ltd.2020-2022. Arthritis Research UK Working Group on Complementary and Alternative Therapies for the Management of the Rheumatic Diseases. Its maximum energy (Bh max) is usually over 400 KJ/m3 or50-53 MGOe. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Advocating for child health: how the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition took action against high-powered magnets. Colbert AP, Markov MS, Carlson N, Gregory WL, Carlson H, Elmer PJ. The change of symptoms in both magnetic and non-magnetic disc groups occurred in the same direction and size [23]. Tuncer C. Magnets and Applications in Orthodontics. No effect on stem cell prepotency and proliferation was recorded was reported in this study [35]. Among the groups, no significant difference was found in SSS and FSS median nerve conduction. Mikesky AE, Hayden MW. Neodymium magnets were attached to the device in one group, and non-magnetic, equal-sized, and same-weight platters were attached in the other group. These elements are used in electric cars and wind turbines. Above 150-180 deg C (302-356F), SmCo may be better. You may be more suited to see content specific to your location. Wang SP, Yan XP, Xue F, Dong DH, Zhang XF, Ma F, et al. instalaciones con ms de 14 aos de experiencia al servicio del sector, The Effects of Radiation on Neodymium Iron Boron, NdFeB, magnets. Effects of a static magnetic field of either polarity on skin microcirculation. Du X, Graedel TE. What Grades and Shapes are available for Neodymium Magnets? will also be available for a limited time. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Feifel D, Goethe JW, Husain M, Carpenter LL, et al. It is advised to not put magnets in conditions of mechanical stress e.g.

FORMACIN, CAPACITACIN Y DESARROLLO HUMANO, RECOMENDACIONES PARA LA ADECUADA APLICACIN DEL GEL ANTIBACTERIAL, DA DE LOS NIOS EN LA FAMILIA DURANGAR LTDA Y P&S. Safety Study of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (tSMS) of the Human Cortex. In another study, the difficulty of forming a control group where magnetic bracelets tested, addressed that giving a weakly effective wristband to the control group might not be effective in relieving pain in arthritis as the participant could test the strength of the wrist [22]. Macfarlane GJ, Paudyal P, Doherty M, Ernst E, Lewith G, MacPherson H, et al. Greaves CJ, Harlow TN. Higher temperature versions (NxxM, NxxH, NxxSH, NxxUH, NxxEH, NxxVH/AH) are rated from up to +100 C to a maximum of up to +230 C. The magnetic performance will continue to decline after successive hot-cold cycles. Without careful design of the magnetic circuit, you should not use these magnets in temperatures above 130 C (240 F). Feeder-free culture of human embryonic stem cell line BG01V/hOG using magnetic field-magnetic nanoparticles system. Orden y limpieza de instalaciones.. El servicio de aseo a las habitaciones se realiza a diario, removiendo la servicio de alimentacin, camarera, lavandera, aseo y mantenimiento de Aykan A, Gzey S, Avar S, ztrk S. Neodymium magnet injury causing nasal fracture: a case report. Blackmore, (TRIUMF, 1985) and A.F. This result was attributed to an increase in the availability of magnets to children in everyday life [31]. Uncoated is not advised. Uthamaraj S, Tefft BJ, Klabusay M, Hlinomaz O, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D. Design and validation of a novel ferromagnetic bare metal stent capable of capturing and retaining endothelial cells. At the end of the experiment, it was found that NdFeB protects against micro movements by keeping the magnetic scaffold constant and it is important in maintaining regular tissue regeneration [20]. In a study, the effect of static magnetic field on the treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness revealed no difference with that of a placebo [26]. The Effects of a Static Magnetic Field on Bone Formation Around a Sandblasted, Large-Grit, Acid-EtchedTreated Titanium Implant. Due to itshigh flux or holding power, in relatively small magnets, M52 magnets are probably the best choice. The role of moderate static magnetic fields on biomineralization of osteoblasts on sulfonated polystyrene films. Therefore, all Neodymium Magnets or Rare Earth magnets should have some form of protective coating to minimise and ideally prevent corrosion. Neodymium Magnets for Motorand Generator drives including, wind and tidal turbines, Neodymium Magnet Speaker, Audio Equipment - headphones, microphones, Automotive (clamps, sensors, alternators, interior trims), Precision Magnets for Aerospace - sensors, navigation equipment, Lifting Heavy Ferrous materials - see neodymium. Warnick P, Chopra SS, Raubach M, Kneif S, Hnerbein M. Intraoperative localization of occult colorectal tumors during laparoscopic surgery by magnetic ring markers-a pilot study. In addition to their high magnetic strength, they are relatively inexpensive, making them an ideal choice for a wide range of consumer, commercial, industrial and technical applications. A recovery in symptoms was observed in a 6-week period for SSS and FSS in both groups. This may lead to an important development in stent-related procedures because the acceleration of endothelialization would reduce the risk of thrombosis [36]. Neodymium magnets (also known as "NdFeB", "Neo" or "NIB" magnets) are permanent magnets made of neodymium, iron & boron. Global rare earth in-use stocks in NdFeB permanent magnets. Lee SH, Park CK. Yanai A, Hfeli UO, Metcalfe AL, Soema P, Addo L, Gregory-Evans CY, et al. Panseri S, Russo A, Sartori M, Giavaresi G, Sandri M, Fini M, et al. It is claimed that higher Hci magnets resist corrosion better although the empirical results are not so conclusive (a trend suggesting an improvement in corrosion resistance exists but it is not guaranteed). Barmettler A, Nissanka N, Rosenblatt MI, Rao R, Lipson D, Lelli GJ., Jr Magnetic systems for tarsorrhaphy. Effect of static magnetic therapy on recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness. In humid conditions, magnets without a surface coating (such as plating) may rust. The user of the magnets would need to test for effectiveness of the magnets as the magnet suppliers do not have the equipment to test for suitability of magnet grades for environments with raised levels of radiation. The new PMC design is here! The performance of a neodymium magnet is affected by temperature. The site is secure. Where maximum corrosion resistance is required for NdFeB, consider using the increased corrosion resistance range of NdFeB alloys. Colbert AP, Wahbeh H, Harling N, Connelly E, Schiffke HC, Forsten C, et al. in load bearing situations. During the comparison, magnetic neodymium wrist straps were used as an experimental device, and low magnified, demagnetized, and coppery wrist straps were used as control devices. and transmitted securely. The device provide a suitable glottis aperture that benefit from magnets and this may be used in the future [18].

The plating / surface finish should be hermetic for best corrosion protection scratched or damaged surfaced may render the affected region more prone to corrosion. This appeared to be particularly important in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa [37].

Other coatings/finishes exist (over 40 finishes are currently available). Neodymium magnets are used with coatings as they are not resistant to corrosion and gradual loss of strength [42]. The In a case report published in 2015 that led to the initiation of measures governing the use of magnets at the workplace, it was pointed out that a 52-year-old man was injured while trying to generate electricity for experimental purposes using a device containing neodymium magnets. gastronoma nacional e internaciona, Las prendas se recogen en horas de la maana en tulas marcadas en horas de la maana, Las prendas se recogen en horas de la maana en tulas marcadas con [32]. N52 neodymiumwas the strongest neodymium magnet available for commercial use up until recently. In a study conducted in 2012, neodymium magnets were used to fix endoscopically determined colon tumors. Although procurement challenges and high prices lead producers to seek alternatives, rare earth elements are still being used in numerous technology and Because of their demand, the health effects of these powerful magnets must be addressed along with their environmental impacts. Please note that any claims that a NdFeB magnet will not corrode is misleading. Another study, conducted in 2015, where the portal veins of dogs were cut and reconstructed, the anastomosis in one group was performed using traditional manual sutures and that in the other group was by covering it with rings comprising of neodymium magnets. 8600 Rockville Pike Ideal for restricted space or compact applications. Banquetes, comestibles complementarios, Strong magnet, N52 magnets is the choice of many designers. 1Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey, 2Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. Nanoparticles loaded with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents can be oriented toward tumors. Fast magnetic reconstruction of the portal vein with allogeneic blood vessels in canines. They are used in nearly all Industries:Automotive, Aerospace, Wind Turbine, Military, White Goods, Lighting, Food Preparation, Separation, Motor and Generator Industries are just a few example Industries. They are also available with rubber coatings or adhesive backings. Bunting Berkhamsted, Northbridge Road, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1EH. Pinkerton JV, Stovall DW, Kightlinger RS. Neodymium Magnets require surface treatments. Neodymium magnets (NdFeB)offer a maximum performance from the smallest magnet volume. Both the transmural passage and the thickness of the lesion formed by the magnetized bipolar catheter were found to be higher than others [12]. The effect of magnetic fields created using neodymium magnets on neural damage was examined in a study where they were applied on 17 healthy volunteers for 2 hours. The magnet crashed into pieces injuring his face. Freitas ER, Santos RL, Lima EC, Guillo LA. In another study conducted using a trabecular damaged rabbit model, a magnetic scaffold was placed in the damaged area of the distal femoral epiphysis and cylindrical neodymium magnets (NdFeB) were placed in a nearby area, the interaction observed. Example: An automotive company required a thindisc shaped magnetic clampto hold two mild steel sections together with maximum force. ; Data collection &/or processing S.A., C.Y., N.A.Y. Although they have been used in various diagnostic devices in the health sector and as therapeutic tools, magnets are potentially harmful to the body and pose increased risk of accident. suciedad de cuarto dormitorio baos ,pisos, paredes y ventanas, se. La inclusin laboral fortalece la responsabilidad social empresarial, por ello, en nuestra .. En el marco de la responsabilidad social empresarial DURANGAR LTDA interacta.. Est dirigido por profesionales en el rea, nutricionista, Chef y personal Padilla BE, Dominguez G, Millan C, Martinez-Ferro M. The use of magnets with single-site umbilical laparoscopic surgery. They do not contain any SVHC and the Neodymium is produced to ISO9001 and ISO14001 Quality Control Standards. Magnetic implants reinforced both medulla and cortex around the bone tissue and the increase in the medulla was statistically significant [19]. Additionally, they are beneficial in covering machines, cars with awning and in the production of magnetic tool belts. In the case of exceeding it, the small loss will not be recovered on cooling. The most appropriate temperature for Neodymium Magnets. The report further discussed the difficulty of operating with strong magnets using traditional tools and the possible damages of uncontrolled movements caused by such tools. Requires a protective coating to prevent the iron in the alloy from corroding (rusting). Can be used in extremely cold conditions (e.g. In a randomized double blind placebo controlled research, the curing effect of neodymium magnets on osteoarthritis symptoms was investigated; participants were made to try on four types of wrist straps. The mining of rare elements has various environmental impacts because of the low concentration of these substances; therefore, many countries have stopped the mining of rare elements and almost all countries depend on imports from China [1]. Further, another study conducted in 2015 revealed the use of sTMS to be effective in the treatment of major depression [15]. Careers. Lanthanides play important roles in new technological developments, such as wind turbines, electronic hybrid vehicles, and in the defense industry. In nature, neodymium does not exist in metallic or in mixed forms with other lanthanides but is refined for general use and has been mined in the USA, Brazil, India, Australia, Sri Lanka, and predominantly in China. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. During the laparoscopic surgery performed without tools such as fluoroscopy or ultrasonography, the magnets were used for an easy access to the tumor. Neodymium magnets are also commonly used in magnetic separators, filters, ionizers, in production of onoff buttons, safety sector and security systems. The intraoperative localization of marked lesions was successful in 27 (96%) of 28 patients [27]. This review provides a brief explanation of the definition, history, and characteristics of rare earth magnets. Even high-gradeNeodymium NdFeB disc and ring magnetsdid not provide enough pull strength performance. ; Writing S.A., C.Y., N.A.Y. Neodymium magnets are used in TMS to generate magnetic fields and In contrast to electroconvulsive treatment for major depression, TMS does not require anesthesia [14]. This powerful magnets are also available in grades N52M (with working temperature up to 100 degrees) in addition with theN52H (with working temperature up to 120 degrees) for Magma customers. There are 55NdFeB magnets commonly in use.

You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. While the N55 grade is yet to become more popular through the coming years, the N52 magnets are therefore used in large quantities and many magnetic applications. Attractive magnets for orthodontic extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth. The Neo magnets are less brittle than SmCo. The .gov means its official. Oechtering J, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ludolph AG, Hans FJ, Sellhaus B, Spiegelberg A, et al. Noar JH, Evans RD. Until,the new N55grade wasintroduced to the market with comparable higher magnetic values.