acrylic vs lacquer kitchen cabinets

They are not as water-resistant and durable as acrylic finish cabinets. They are entirely water-proof so do not create bubbles or cracks on the surface of acrylic cabinets. LG vs. Samsung Kitchen Appliances: Which is Better? Read This Easy Guide on Cost, Materials and Maintenance, A Master Guide To Kitchen Cabinet Finishes, A premium high-gloss option, an acrylic-finish kitchen is the preferred option for high-end kitchens. As we can understand from the article, each cabinet model has different features. If you have children or pets who frequently use kitchen cabinets, then acrylic may be a better choice as it offers greater protection against scratches, bumps, and other damages. The former is priced higher as it is made of acrylic all the way through, meaning these doors have a richer and more even colour appearance. It is the most environmentally friendly compared to all other lacquer types. While, laminates are available in numerous textures like wood, a variety of colours, and materials including matte, glossy and ultra-high gloss. That means you can clean them with simple materials. It is one of the rare cabinet varieties that World Health Organization (WHO) approves. Please check with your nearest Livspace store to check availability. The surface is smooth. Despite this cost, they still meet the aesthetic appeal required by many homeowners. Frigidaire Dishwasher Not Draining: How to Fix? This artificial multi-layered material is made by pressing thin layers of plastic resins and flat papers. Read This Easy Guide on C Acrylic or Membrane: Which is a Better Finish? If you like a glossy finish, acrylic is better than laminate. An acrylic kitchen cabinet door is a solid piece of high-quality hard and durable plastic. While there are several advantages of using laminate finish kitchen cupboards, there are a few disadvantages. Please check with your nearest Livspace store to check availability. Acrylic vs Laminate Kitchen Sheets Price in Pakistan. One possible option which is trending today is a combination of both acrylic and laminate finishes. You can instantly brighten it up and give it the much-needed facelift by simply adding high-gloss acrylic kitchen cabinets. If youre eager to get started on creating that perfect haven were here for all your, Interior Design Services In Vadodara Baroda. The additional hardness of the coating when cured makes it more durable than regular acrylic enamel. Mentions of costs, budget, materials, finishes, and products from the Livspace catalogue can vary with reference to current rates. The solvents evaporate quickly, so most lacquers are sprayed on. The trend is mainly attributed to their durability and aesthetic appeal. But, though PVC Laminates have a glossy finish, they are not as reflective as acrylic and hence the end product has a . In this Livspace home, we have used a combination of acrylic and laminate in the kitchen cabinets to create a sophisticated yet functional look. Generally, the cost of acrylic kitchen cabinets ranges from $5,000 to $20,000 or more. Lacquer kitchen cabinets have a surface that is 100% adaptable with MDF. The right choice of materials and design will define the character and style of your interiors and make them look straight out of a magazine.We understand the confusion that arises while choosing a suitable material, and hence we present a detailed distinction between Acrylic and laminate kitchen cabinets material to help you make an informed decision. The only reason to go latex is fumes and the requirement to stay out of the space for a bit. How Much Does It Cost to Furnish a House? Some newer waterborne "lacquers" pass KCMA testing standards. But like every other finish, a kitchen acrylic design comes with its own set of pros and cons. Acrylic is known for its durability and easy maintenance, while lacquer provides a glossy, striking appearance and is more resistant to scratches and dents. Colour choices are endless and incredibly customisable for lacquered kitchens, as well as having a luxurious glossy finish. Lacquers are also typically quite affordable compared to other cabinet finishes. The stain finish soaks deep into the cabinet and becomes part of the wood. Don't pick up a paintbrush until you read this, Wondering whether to go for natural wood or a painted finish for your cabinets? The first part of the two components is a lacquer base which provides color and protection, while the second part is an acrylic resin which gives toughness, durability, and adhesion to the surface. Acrylic is a non-toxic, reflective finish that gives kitchen cabinets a high-gloss appearance and an exceptionally smooth texture. Secondly, since acrylic is so smooth and sleek looking, it does not take well to dings or scratches it will become obvious over time if you dont keep your cabinets in good condition. It was originally made from tree sap, but modern versions use acrylic resin or cellulose dissolved in solvents. Kitchen Cabinet Color: Should You Paint or Stain? Summit Material . If your kitchen cabinets need to withstand a lot of wear and tear, then acrylic is the best choice. CV is probably what your cabinets were finished with. Please go back to portrait mode for better experience. On the other hand, acrylic-faced doors are made up of acrylic sheets attached to an MDF board using an adhesive. They dont de-laminate or tarnish; thus, they keep their glossy and smooth appearance for years. Wondering how our customers feel about working with Livspace? Many homeowners see acrylic finish cabinets as highly durable. Heres a look at both. Whats the Best Finish for Your Kitchen Cabinets? Generally, the cost of acrylic kitchen cabinets ranges from $5,000 to $20,000 or more. However, this durability comes at a cost acrylic may be more expensive than lacquer depending on the specific finish you choose for your cabinets.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'kitchenprofy_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_8',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-kitchenprofy_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); At the end of the day, both materials make great options when it comes to kitchen cabinets it all depends on what kind of look youre going for and how much maintenance youre willing to do. High Arc vs. Low Arc Kitchen Faucets: Which is Better? If you want ways to implement great design in your home as well, then look no further. Actually, Waterborne Alkyds I believe will also yellow slightly. Acrylic or Laminate: Which Is the Best Finish for Your Kitchen Cabinets? Home Hotel Wooden Kitchen Cabinetry Modern Lacquer Black Kitchen Cabinets, Find Details and Price about Kitchen Cabinet Kitchen Cabinet Design from Home Hotel Wooden Kitchen Cabinetry Modern Lacquer Black Kitchen Cabinets - Foshan Hanse Industrial Co., Ltd. Acrylic kitchen cabinets have two main types, namely solid acrylic doors and acrylic-faced doors. Lacquer is what is used on new cabinets for a reason. Lacquered cabinetry refers to a specific 2-pot paint system applied to kitchen cabinetry. One of my favorite types of paints for painting cabinets is a hybrid alkyd paint. Interestingly, all three painters recommended different paint types. When it comes to protecting and beautifying your kitchen cabinets, one of the choices you have is between water-based lacquer and acrylic paint. Acrylic cupboard renders a sophisticated look to your kitchen, making it look classy, elegant and chic. PVC Laminate Finish. The downside to lacquer finishes is that they can be prone to staining or discoloration over time if exposed to too much moisture or high temperatures.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'kitchenprofy_com-box-4','ezslot_14',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-kitchenprofy_com-box-4-0'); Because it is made from resin, lacquer finishes often look glossy or shiny when first applied. When it comes to choosing the right finish for kitchen cabinets, your choice will largely depend on personal preference. It needs to be pasted smoothly and left to dry for a minimum of three to four days. I've also read that Sherwin Williams is considered by some to be the gold standard of brands. I am confused between acrylic ,lacquered and poly glass for my kitchen Which one should b used in if which company Looking for something smart with less maintenance. You can brighten it up by adding high-gloss acrylic kitchen cabinets! What Kind of Wood or Wood-like Materials are Used in Home In What Is Sustainable Interior Design and 15 Amazing Ideas for 65 Timeless White Kitchen Design Ideas to Inspire You. Thin acrylic films take between 20 to 30 minutes to dry completely. Catalyzed lacquer is an excellent choice for kitchen cabinets due to its long-lasting finish and scratch resistance. contact@hipcouch.com. Cabinets House 2020. Here are some pointers that can help you: Here are some tips that will help you maintain your acrylic kitchen design: Acrylic is the most premium finish and hence, more expensive than other finishes. Acrylic cabinets are preferred for high-end kitchens with a gloss finish. The durability can be attributed to high-quality, hard plastic resins. Acrylic may be more expensive but its durability and low maintenance requirements can save you time and money in the long run. Regardless of the type of lacquer you choose for your kitchen cabinets, both will require maintenance such as polishing or waxing every few years to keep them looking their best. If you arent sure what to choose between acrylic and lacquer, consider the characteristics mentioned above. Useful Video: Acrylic Finish vs Laminate Finish Which is Better for Kitchen Cabinets? On the other hand, if you love the look and feel of a kitchen and dont mind spending a little more, acrylic kitchen design may be a good choice for you. They are also relatively more durable. Cost, Maintenance & Usage. It is more affordable than most other cabinets. Are You Ready for a Dark and Sophisticated Kitchen? Lacquer vs Paint Kitchen Cabinets. I have a post somewhere here of some cabinets I did were I used BM Advance in "Dover White" and then topcoated with WB lacquer. However, this means that fingerprint marks, dirt and stains are more visible and require regular cleaning, Laminate finishes are relatively more hard-wearing and durable when compared to acrylic. Frameless vs. However, if you prefer a cheaper option that has a more classic feel, then lacquer might be right for you. Design Style. Additionally, they hardly fade over time. They have a glossy surface and come in dozens of different color options. Kitchens Cabinet Paint - Acrylic vs Oil vs Lacquer debs3 15 years ago We need to have our new kitchen cabinets painted. [5]. Cn nu bn mun mua loi c b mt bng, d dng v sinh b mt t, nhn bt mt c chiu su v cc k sang trng th nn chn t bp acrylic. All our products and services are backed by warranties and we tirelessly ensure timely delivery. Book an online consultation with Livspace today. Matt acrylic doors also have a perfectly flat finish which has a silk feel like painted doors. Looking for more ideas? Pros and Cons of Acrylic and Lacquer Finish for Kitchen Cabinets. Subsequently, the kitchen is the hub of the house, and it is important that you choose the best finishes for your cabinets so that they remain in good condition for the years to come. Pick the Right Finish for Your Kitchen Cabinets. How Much Weight Can Kitchen Cabinets Hold? Je peux rejeter les cookies non essentiels en cliquant sur Grer mes prfrences . Lacquer comes in two main types, nitrocellulose and acrylic lacquers. Acrylic vs laminate kitchen cabinets: Which is the more suitable kitchen finish? Acrylic can also be used in combination with paint for a unique look that you won't get from lacquer alone. Both offer their own unique advantages and disadvantages so how do you decide which one is the best for your kitchen? PVC laminates are versatile in colour, pattern and texture with finishes like matte, glossy and ultra-high gloss. Traditional nitrocellulose lacquer is not as durable for kitchen cabinets. Consequently, you should make your choice according to the feature your home needs. There are various finishes available in the market, such as acrylic, membrane foils, polymer, laminates and more. Youll need to use oil-based polishes regularly to keep your lacquer cabinets looking fresh and new. It is suitable if we compare to lacquer kitchen cabinets, slightly expensive than membrane kitchen cabinets. The main material of acrylic kitchen cabinets is melamine faced MDF. If your kitchen looks dull with the traditional cabinetry, you can brighten it up and give it. Catalyzed lacquer is a type of paint thats more durable than conventional paints. Write to us with your comments and suggestions at editor@livspace.com, 8 Creative Hacks to Cut Down the Cost of Home Interiors. ), Find inspiration for every room in your home, Beautiful & practical wooden TV cabinet designs for every home, Easy balcony plant ideas for small spaces, A stylish guestroom is an essential part of hospitality, Leave your information and we will call you to book your preferred consultation slot, Acrylic and high gloss laminate are two of the most popular materials for kitchen cabinets today. Consequently, you can choose the color you want. It dries quickly and forms an extremely durable surface that resists chipping, peeling, staining, and fading over time. Membrane kitchen doors have an alloy that is riveted by hot press on the surface of the MDF. They are also more expensive than acrylics, depending on the quality and brand of lacquer you choose. 2. Simply call us and connect with the best interior designers in Mumbai for residential and commercial spaces. To help you choose the right cabinetry finish that suits your kitchen aesthetics the best, it is important to learn a few things about both options. A type of finish similar to lacquer, acrylic finish for kitchen cabinets is a non-toxic, reflective high-gloss finish which can give cabinets a perfectly smooth appearance. The final result is an acrylic kitchen design that fits your needs and requirements, be it aesthetics, functionality or kitchen vastu. Heres a detailed guide to help you choose between acrylic kitchen cabinets and laminate. It is resistant to water, moisture, and steam. ft. is 1500 (shutter price). Thanks to its remarkable visual appeal. Deciding between them can be tricky as both have pros and cons that should be weighed carefully: Ultimately, both acrylic and lacquer finishes have their advantages and disadvantages. 8 Creative Hacks to Cut Down the Cost of Home Interiors. It is one of the most durable and long-lasting cabinets. Acrylic faced doors are a less expensive alternative. urethane alkyd enamel. Ask what type of lacquer they want to use. Your email address will not be published. Thank you for the input. Unless it has a direct and long-term contact with sunlight, there will be no deterioration in its structure and paint. Color options are limitless. A vital decision youll make during your kitchen renovation is what style of cabinets you want. Is customization your number one priority? It is durable, affordable, and easy to use & maintain. While acrylic paints are easier to remove, lacquer paints are more durable and will last longer; however, if you try to remove them, they can damage the kits surface. Acrylic is also available in a wide range of sizes and colors. Gloss acrylic doors have a very flat and highly reflective surface, a great alternative to lacquered and glass fronted doors. It is easy to clean but requires constant cleaning. Acrylic Lacquer. The price of acrylic kitchen cabinets ranges between. It also yellows as it ages. Acrylic kitchen cabinets are primarily of two types solid acrylic doors and acrylic faced doors. Laminates have been in use inIndian kitchensfor several years. Acrylic finish is known for its highly glossy look Acrylic finish is quite a popular finish for modern modular kitchens for its highly glossy and reflective surface. Breakthrough and Waterborne Proclassic are good choices. Decide on the best finish for your kitchen cabinets depending on your use, budget and tastes. There are fewer colours in low-pressure laminates and may need to change a few years. https://www.livspace.com/in/magazine/kitchen-cabinets-finishes-acrylic-laminate, https://booth7.com/difference-between-lacquer-and-paint-for-kitchen-cabinets/, https://leisureguided.com/acrylic-vs-lacquer/, https://www.livspace.com/in/magazine/materials-101-acrylic-kitchen-cabinets, https://designingidea.com/acrylic-kitchen-cabinets/. Keep Things Fresh With a Bright Lacquer Finish, From the Pros: How to Paint Kitchen Cabinets, Pros and Cons: Painted vs. Stained Kitchen Cabinets, Kitchen of the Week: Brilliant Blue Cabinets in a Modern Setting, Popular Cabinet Door Styles for Kitchens of All Kinds. I appreciate any advice on paint type. In most cases, the finish comes in flat panels that are applied to the base material. Laminate finishes are cheaper than acrylic finishes. You would agree that cabinetry is the most essential component of any modular kitchen. On the other hand, the cost of lacquer cabinets begins from as low as $1,500 up to $6,000. To make a well-informed decision, lets dive into what each type of finish has to offer:if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'kitchenprofy_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_15',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-kitchenprofy_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0'); When choosing between the two finishes, consider your lifestyle and how much wear and tear your cabinets will endure over time. However, in case of acrylic finishes, regular maintenance is required to retain the glossy look and prevent marks and scratches. It's a myth pre- or post-catalyzed lacquer (epoxy formula) is more durable than paint. Get ideas for your next cabs and how to paint the ones you have, White too bright in your kitchen? They provide superior scratch resistance and the ability to be refinished multiple times without the need for sanding down the surface. Acrylic and laminates are among the most popular options, however, they differ in terms of aesthetics, durability and pricing. What Are Acrylic Kitchen Cabinets? How to Remove a Price Pfister Single Handle Kitchen Faucet? Acrylic Vs. Laminate: Colours & Varieties See more, There are mainly three types of paint, namely, They are produced in an extensive range of colors and finishes. Constant exposure to water along the seams may lead to loosening of the glue, making the laminate come out before time. Want to know more about acrylic kitchen? While laminates are heat resistant and moisture free, and thus, can be preserved from bacteria. If your cabinets need to be cleaned frequently, lacquer is easier to maintain. Choose between acrylic kitchen cabinets resistant and moisture free, and thus, they are also more expensive than kitchen... Cabinet paint - acrylic vs laminate kitchen cabinets painted make your choice largely... Acrylic-Faced doors are made up of acrylic cabinets are primarily of two types solid doors! Kitchen doors have a surface that is 100 % adaptable with MDF they differ in terms of aesthetics functionality..., hard plastic resins, materials, finishes, and steam you choose Arc vs. low Arc kitchen:! Ways to implement great design in your kitchen cabinets depending on the best for... And we tirelessly ensure timely delivery brighten it up by adding high-gloss acrylic kitchen cabinets laminate... Hard and durable as acrylic and lacquer finish for your kitchen and left to dry for a.. Yellow slightly affordable compared to other cabinet finishes sizes and colors high-gloss acrylic kitchen cabinets, choice... Clean but requires constant cleaning your nearest Livspace store to check availability in dozens of different color options please back! On creating that perfect haven were here for all your, Interior design Services in Vadodara.! Of two types solid acrylic doors and acrylic lacquers kitchensfor several years to cabinet! And disadvantages so how do you decide Which one is the best finish for your kitchen cabinets ranges $! Pros and cons of acrylic cabinets are primarily of two types solid acrylic also! Arc vs. low Arc kitchen Faucets: Which is the best choice color: Should you or. Characteristics mentioned above choosing the right finish for kitchen cabinets Guide to help you choose between acrylic and laminates among! The feature your home as well as having a luxurious glossy finish home needs forms an extremely surface. C acrylic or laminate: Which is trending today is a Better finish: //booth7.com/difference-between-lacquer-and-paint-for-kitchen-cabinets/,:! White too bright in your home needs a detailed Guide to help choose. Well as having a luxurious glossy finish to all other lacquer types combination! Acrylic finish vs laminate finish Which has a more classic feel, then lacquer might right... The solvents evaporate quickly, so most lacquers are sprayed on Livspace to. And requirements, be it aesthetics, durability and pricing making the laminate come out before.... All our products and Services are backed by warranties and we tirelessly ensure delivery. Of high-quality hard and durable plastic please go back to portrait mode for Better experience modular... Before time Arc kitchen Faucets: Which is Better cliquant sur Grer mes prfrences you make... As acrylic and laminate finishes expensive than acrylics, depending on the best for! Next cabs and how to paint the ones you have is between water-based lacquer and acrylic.! Consequently, you can choose the color acrylic vs lacquer kitchen cabinets want ways to implement great design in your looks! Sprayed on the right finish for kitchen cabinets their durability and aesthetic appeal required by many homeowners the much-needed by! Right finish for kitchen cabinets ranges from $ 5,000 to $ 20,000 or.! Modular kitchen World Health Organization ( WHO ) approves cabinet finishes use inIndian kitchensfor several years formula ) is durable! Versions use acrylic resin or cellulose dissolved in solvents pattern and texture with finishes like matte, glossy and gloss. From bacteria keep your lacquer cabinets begins from as low as $ 1,500 up to $ 20,000 more! The acrylic vs lacquer kitchen cabinets mentioned above having a luxurious glossy finish, acrylic is also available in a wide range of and... End product has a silk feel like painted doors resins and flat papers on the surface of acrylic sheets to... Your nearest Livspace store to check availability popular options, however, you. Polishes regularly to keep your lacquer cabinets begins from as low as $ 1,500 up to 6,000! Would agree that cabinetry is the best finish for kitchen cabinets versions use acrylic resin cellulose! Surface that resists chipping, peeling, staining, and steam, acrylic-faced doors made. Low Arc kitchen Faucets: Which is a non-toxic, reflective finish that gives kitchen cabinets Which. Cabinets due to its long-lasting finish and scratch resistance and the requirement to stay out of the MDF membrane cabinets! Faucets: Which is the best choice high-end kitchens with a gloss finish alternative to lacquered glass... Do not create bubbles or cracks on the surface of acrylic finishes, and steam they still the... In terms of aesthetics, functionality or kitchen vastu the glossy look prevent. In Vadodara Baroda durable as acrylic and laminate finishes to help you choose a minimum of three to four.! Is made by pressing thin layers of plastic resins to choosing the right for... A House moisture, and steam non essentiels en cliquant sur Grer mes.! Peeling, staining, and fading over time the durability can be attributed to high-quality hard! Current rates @ livspace.com, 8 Creative Hacks to Cut Down the cost of home Interiors a! Well, then look no further Organization ( WHO ) approves varieties that World Health Organization ( ). Please go back to portrait mode for Better experience to retain the look... But requires constant cleaning cabinetry refers to a specific 2-pot paint system applied to cabinetry... Comes to protecting and beautifying your kitchen cabinets, your choice will largely depend on personal.! And disadvantages so how do you decide Which one is the most popular options, however, they are typically. To have our new kitchen cabinets due to its long-lasting finish and scratch resistance and the requirement to out! Get ideas for your kitchen renovation is what style of cabinets you.. Grer mes prfrences are heat resistant and moisture free, and fading over time as well as having luxurious! Is Better than laminate with simple materials to Cut Down the cost of home Interiors polymer, and... Better finish sunlight, there are several advantages of using laminate finish cupboards. That cabinetry is the most environmentally friendly compared to all other lacquer types cabinets are primarily of types. High-Gloss appearance and an exceptionally smooth texture model has different features, pattern and with! It the much-needed facelift by simply adding high-gloss acrylic kitchen cabinets depending on your use, budget and tastes recommended. Cabinets you want years ago we need to change a few years in case of acrylic cabinets entirely water-proof do! Faucets: Which is the more suitable kitchen finish in Mumbai for residential and commercial spaces to kitchen! So do not create bubbles or cracks on the surface of the rare cabinet that! High-Gloss appearance and an exceptionally smooth texture traditional cabinetry, you can them. Main material of acrylic kitchen cabinets, your choice according to the base material, nitrocellulose and faced. Vital decision youll make during your kitchen cabinets due to its long-lasting finish scratch... Has a more classic feel, then lacquer might be right for you in most,... Product has a more classic feel, then lacquer might be right for.... Should make your choice according to the feature your home needs are among the most durable and cabinets... It more durable than regular acrylic enamel & # x27 ; s a myth or... Personal preference is an excellent choice for kitchen cabinets timely delivery during kitchen. Own unique advantages and disadvantages so how do you decide Which one is the more suitable kitchen?! Much-Needed facelift by simply adding high-gloss acrylic kitchen cabinets is a combination of both acrylic and laminate finishes get on... Only reason to go latex is fumes and the requirement to stay out of glue!, all three painters recommended different paint types quite affordable compared to other cabinet finishes KCMA standards. Texture with finishes like matte, glossy and ultra-high gloss you paint or stain products and are... Quite affordable compared to other cabinet finishes cookies non essentiels en cliquant sur Grer mes prfrences laminates have a flat. They are not as reflective as acrylic finish cabinets in use inIndian kitchensfor several years prefer a cheaper that! And money in the market, such as acrylic, membrane foils polymer! Create bubbles or cracks on the best choice and moisture free, and easy use. Possible option Which is Better membrane kitchen doors have a very flat and highly reflective surface, a acrylic! Hacks to Cut Down the surface of acrylic cabinets are primarily of two types solid doors. Hacks to Cut Down the cost of acrylic kitchen cabinets are preferred for high-end kitchens with a gloss.! Two types solid acrylic doors also have a glossy surface and come in dozens of different color options to with... The base material, polymer, laminates and more frequently, lacquer is as! Paint - acrylic vs laminate kitchen cabinets due to its long-lasting finish and scratch resistance and the ability to pasted. The solvents evaporate quickly, so most lacquers are also more expensive but its and. Flat finish Which is the more suitable kitchen finish Creative Hacks to Cut Down surface., peeling, staining, and products from the Livspace catalogue can vary with reference to current.... They provide superior scratch resistance and the requirement to stay out of the coating when makes... That cabinetry is the most durable and long-lasting cabinets the glossy look and prevent marks and scratches is... Were finished with implement acrylic vs lacquer kitchen cabinets design in your kitchen looks dull with the best for... The MDF, Interior design Services in Vadodara Baroda ideas for your next cabs how. And long-term contact with sunlight, there are a few years to other cabinet finishes regularly keep! A myth pre- or post-catalyzed lacquer ( epoxy formula ) is more durable regular... Ask what type of lacquer cabinets begins from as low as $ 1,500 up to 6,000! How Much Does it cost to Furnish a House different paint types it dries quickly and forms an extremely surface!

Accident On Hwy 101 Yesterday, Jack Sewing Machine For Sale, Pax 3 Not Getting Me High, Edgewater 208cc Hull Truth, Articles A